Pulp+And+Paper+19)+Oneko+Q.

Pulp and paper is a large industry of the world that transforms wood chips into the paper. It is one of Canada’s major industries. Canada is ranked 4th in the world in manufacturing paper and pulp and the largest supplier of newsprint. This industry though has a history of a large source of air and water pollution. It’s prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fibre crops or waste paper.
 * __ Pulp and Paper __**
 * __ What Is Pulp and Paper? __**

Creating paper from wood is a pretty recent process. In the early 1800’s linen and cotton were the main sources of material, though paper was very expensive and considered a luxury. Wood was first use to make pulp in the 1840’s by F.G Keller in Germany, and by Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty. As decades passed, chemical process became more and more common. Sulphurous acid and calcium bisulphite were used to treat and pulp wood. This lead to the first chemical pulp mill being built in Sweden. The first North American chemical mill was built in 1864 in Quebec. By the turn of the century sulphite pulping became the dominant way of creating wood pulp. In 1930 the invention of the recovery boiler allowed mills to recycle large amount of their pulping chemicals.
 * __ History __**






 * __ Paper Making Process __**

Paper first starts its journey as trees. The paper making industry is so large, that now trees are harvested like crop. Some trees are actually fast growing trees to helping supply the need. Loggers cut down mature trees and send them through a bark remover, which cuts the wood into pieces which are then pressure cooked in a mixture of water and chemicals in a digester. The pulp is them treated in various ways (washed, refined bleached) and then turned into slush by a beater. Many additives are mixed in and the pulp slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen. As pulp travels pass the screen, the water is drained and recycled. Crude paper sheet are squeezed between large roller, which remove all water and ensures smoothness. The paper in its final stage is them rolled into huge rolls. It is them cut into smaller rolls and then is ready for use. media type="youtube" key="4x9HIzPZLyM" height="315" width="420"


 * __ Control of Emissions and Waste __**

Elimination of all waste from mills is not yet possible, but significant changes have been made to improve the emissions. The creation of a closed-loop system prevents materials from escaping to the environment. Toxic gases are such as hydrogen sulphide, chorine dioxide and sulphur dioxide. To reduce emissions, a chemical scrubber was created. The scrubber traps and treats these emissions by converting them into safer substance. In the scrubber, the gases are showered with a paste like mixture of water and limestone. Chemical reaction occurs and calcium sulphite is produced. It sinks to the bottom and is removed. The waste calcium sulphite is converted in gypsum, which is used to make dry wall. Thus reducing emission and recycling all waste.

[] [] [] Nelson Chemistry 11 Textbook
 * __ Biography __**

Use Less Energy (Fatima)
1. When you reduce energy consumption, you lower your household expenses and increase your safety. 2. By removing resources from the ground you end up damaging ecosystems, pollute water and erode soil. 3. A lot of energy in the world is created by gasoline.

__**Super Glue (Farooq)**__
1. Super glue is non-toxic, but irritates eye and can start asthma in rare situations. 2. Acetone can be used to remove super glue and is also the main ingredient of nail polish remover. 3. Super glue bonds instantly and remains sticky until making connection between other surfaces.

__**Iodine (Shamarke)**__
1. A lack of Iodine leads to decreased production of thyroid hormones, and an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pituary gland. 2. Iodine is used in the world today. It is used in dyes, photography, table salt, germicides and organic chemistry. 3. Iodine in the air can combine with water particles and precipitate into water or soils.