13+Bioremediation=+Pirasha+Sritharan

** __What is Bioremediation?__ ** There are large amounts of waste in our society that is affecting the environment in a great way. Many waste treatment processes exist that can treat our surroundings but it doesn’t occur naturally. Well, bioremediation is a natural biological process that can help our environment in becoming a cleaner place. Bioremediation uses organisms to cure the contaminated land and water. There are technologies of physical and chemical remediation which are costly, distractive, energy intensive, and cannot work efficiently. On the other hand, bioremediation processes are more effective and less distractive even though it maybe time consuming. But,it is worth to wait to receive the best results in a safer and effective way. Bioremediation includes specific micro-organisms and plants that can absorb toxic materials from the natural environment. There are various types of organisms such as large trees and small micro-organisms which are involved in the process of bioremediation. The organism that is used in a particular method depends on the nature of the site and its contaminants. For example, naturally created micro-organisms in the soil break down the contaminants. It is a harmless method since it involves the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, water and cell biomass. Phytoremediation is another type of bioremediation. It helps to clean surroundings of our environment with the use of plants. Therefore, bioremediation is an effective way to treat the land, water and soil that are contaminated.
 * __ Bioremediation __**

**__Phytoremediation__**  Phytoremediation is a process in which you use plants to clean the contaminants of the water and soil. The root system of the plant is used to carry the contaminants and groundwater up which leads to the micro-organisms to decay the contaminants in the roots. In the plant other contaminants are disintegrated as well in the process. The products are then let out to the atmosphere or to be used by the plants. Plants don’t have the ability to decompose certain materials such as metals but as for hyperaccumulators they have the ability to degrade metals. The percentage of the plant absorption of the mass in metals is 1%. For example, sunflowers, geraniums, and Indian mustard are all plants that are hyperaccumulated. This process allows certain contaminants to be eliminated resulting in a cleaner environment.

**__Main Types of Bioremediation__** **Biostimulation**   Biostimulation is a process in which nutrients and or oxygen are added to the contaminated area, such as water or soil. This energizes and stimulates the growth of existing micro-organisms that can help eliminate and destroy contaminants.

 ** Bioaugmentation **  Bioaugumenation is when foreign micro-organisms are added to the contaminated site, which leads to the breakdown of contaminants. But, ex-situ bioaugumentation is most preferable than in-situ. This is because they tend to die off since they are not able to adapt to the habitat. Therefore, the contaminants are taken from the site for this process, one example is wastewater treatment facilities.

 ** Intrinsic Bioremediation **  Intrinsic bioremediation is when micro-organisms naturally degrade the contaminants in the soil and water. This process occurs naturally without human intervention thus needs to be monitored carefully to protect human health and the environment. media type="youtube" key="y655Vc5ED9k" width="425" height="350"  __**Advantages and Disadvantages of the Use of Bioremediation**__  Advantages: -it is a natural process that uses organisms to treat the contaminated soil, water, and land which is an effective way to decrease the contaminant increase since microbes have the ability to decompose contaminants -hazardous substances can be changed to harmless substances -this method to treat our land is less expensive than other waste treatments -the need of transportation of waste can be eliminated and prevent harm to human health, the environment and problems that can occur during transportation

Disadvantages: -this method does not have the ability to quickly and completely degrade all contaminants, it is limited to biodegradable compounds -bioremediation technologies should be developed to have suitable technologies for sites that have a scattered combination of contaminants in the environment such as solids, liquids, and gases -after the process the biodegradation products can result to be more toxic when compared to the parent compound -the bioremediation process is often highly specific and takes a longer time to get the results of the process

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__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Information: __ [] Nelson Chemistry 11 Textbook <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">[] __Video:__ [] __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 140%;">Facts that I have Learned: **__ Metallurgy (Keasha Grant) 1) Metallurgy is the study of the chemical and physical properties of a metal. 2) The physical process requires to manipulate the size of a particle of the the ore. 3) The chemical process requires to extract the metal from the ore concentrate. Neutralizing Stomach Acid (Dhruva Desai) 1) Hydrochloric acid which is a digestive fluid helps you to digest your food. 2) Stress is one factor that can cause the pH level of the hydrochloric acid to change. 3) Infections is one factor that can cause the pH level of the hydrochloric acid to change. Treating Contamination-Physical and Chemical Remediation (Mausami Naik) 1) Technologies that are used to remove contaminants physically are air sparging and soil flushing. 2) One technology of chemical remediation is binding agents like concrete. 3) Contaminated land contains contaminants which can harm both humans and the environment.