13.bioremediation+Pavuthira

**Bioremdiation is the associated branch of biotechnology that uses biological steps to affect environmental problems. It's a form of cleanup which looks up to plants, fungi , and microorganisms like bacteria. Everyone has been looking at this technique for centuries. Physical and chemical remediation technologies are often expensive and not always effective. Scientists have discovered that different plants and micro- oraganisms can consume or absorb toxins from the environment. The oragnisms used in bioremdiation come back and forth from tiny micro-oraganisms to large trees.Some times its apporpiate to allow the micro- oraganisms naturally break down into such as oil and gasoline. Microogannisms are used to change harmful substances to non toxic substances. This is a new technology for treating chemical spills and hazardous waste.**
 *  __Bioremdediation__ **



The big benefits to bioremediation is that it up a problem without creating a problem. The trial can be used to treat new and old toxins, which makes it useful in authority of emerging problems as well as environmental bioremediation which is used to address old issues. The organisms used are often self-contained, dying out once the task has been done, and in the case of genetically engineered organisms, researchers can particulary design the organisms so that they will be easy to get rid of from the environment once they have served their intention.



The optimal pH for the bacterial growth is 7, this is in the accpetable range for soil pH suitable for bioremediation.Bacteria requires a carbon source for a cell growth and energy source to sustain there metabolic functions, the nitrogen and phosphrous serve as an energy souce and the carbon dioxide in the air is used as the carbon source. As to process boremediation is a natural process. It destroys the target chemical, its usually less expenisve than other technolgies and can be used where the problem is located.

How does it work ? Backeria, fungi and yeast need nutrient to survive. They break down organic compounds found in nature to get energy for growth. For example, soil bacteria use petroleum hydrocarbons as a food and energy sourcce changing them into harmless substances of carbon dioxide, water and fatty acids.

**//What are the advantages of bioremediation?//**


 * 1) **It is a "natural process". It usually does not produce toxic by-products.**
 * 2) **Bioremediation destroys the target chemicals.**
 * 3) **Bioremediation is usually less expensive than other technologies.**
 * 4) **It can be used where the problem is located.**


 * // What are the disadvantages? //**


 * 1) ** More research is needed for locations with complex mixtures of contaminants. **
 * 2) ** Clean up using bioremediation often takes longer than other actions such as incineration. **
 * 3) ** The process must be carefully monitored to ensure the effectiveness. **

[|**Sewage Treatment Plant**]



**This describes the action of bacteria in biodegradation at the Stony Brook Sewage Treatment Plant.**

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BelfLIJErek

SOURCES : http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081106174546AAvJ0Q5 http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/pdf/7307x1163.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioremediation

- 3 wikis

keasha grant

What i learnt about keasha's wiki about Metallurgy is its the study of a chemical and physical property of a metal. They use alot of energy to extract metal. The mining for metals affects the environment. They become dangerous to aquatic animals.

nalima n

What i leant about nalimas wiki is creating pulp and paper requires alot of energy which effects the environment. Paper is'nt eco friendly only when you recycle it, it is .They cause water pollution and bleaching. Reducing waste from pulp and paper is not yet possible.

Druvaa

What i learnt about Druvas work is stomach acid is hydrochloric acid which is a digestive fluid in your stomach that helps with the digestion of the food that you eat. Many things that can cause the pH level of the hydrochloric acid to change is stress, infections, diet and sleep can all affect the pH level of stomach acid.