10+Mining+Fathima.B

**What is Mining?** " Mining" means extracting minerals from the earth. Materials that are usually extracted from the earth that way are base metals, uranium, iron, limestone, coal, rock salt, potash, diamonds and precious metals. These are all the materials that cannot be man made or they cannot be grown through agricultural process. This is the main reason why they are being obtained by mining. So, in a wider sense of word mining incorporates extraction of resource that is not renewable. To access the ore, mining companies must first excavate it out of the ground. This usually involves either surface mining or underground mining. Surface mining involves opening a large pit to expose mineral deposits. In an underground mine, miners drill shafts deep into Earth to reach the ore.
 * //INTRODUCTION TO MINING.//**

Open pit mining – excavation on the surface of the ground. Underground mining – excavation below the ground.
 * Most diamond mining is conducted in two ways:**

//**How does mining affect the environment?**//

Mining is very destructive to the environment. It is one of the main causes of deforestation. In order to mine, trees and vegetation are cleared and burned. when the ground completely bare a large scale mining operations bulldozers and excavators to extract the metals and minerals from the soil. In order to amalgamate (cluster) the extractions, they use chemicals such as cyanide, mercury, or methyl mercury. These chemicals go through tailing (pipes) and are often discharged into rivers, streams, bays, and oceans. This pollution harms all organisms within the body of water in the end people who depend on the fish for their main source of protein and their economic livelihood.

//**How does mining affect the people?**//

People living near mining areas or mining villages are very disturbed and affected by the impact of mining. The people who are exposed to the toxic waste from the tailings become sick. They develop skin rashes, headaches, vomiting, etc. Many people who can’t afford to go to a doctor, or who live in a village where a doctor is not accessible, are often not treated for their illnesses. If the water is contaminated, the people can’t use it for bathing, cooking, or washing their clothes. Some mining involves the unintentional dispersal of heavy metals, such as lead, into the atmosphere. This can have serious health effects such as mental retardation in children.

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 * //Conclusion//**

In conclusion it is important to mention that mining processes can have a negative effect on the environment. The negative impact can happen during the mining process itself or it can have an impact after some years the mining had been done. methods of mining affect air and Land quality. Even though mining has many negative impacts listed above it hard for the us as humas to avoid mining. It is the source of wealth for may countires like Canada and Middle East ect... until people stop using meatls they should pay the cost for the effects it is having on our environment.

[|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYWVqDLJCoo&feature=player_embedded#] []
 * // Bibliography //**


 * __ What I Learned: __**


 * Pulp and Paper (By: Khadesha.M) **

Pulp is a lignocelluloses material which goes through a process with the outcome being paper. A reaction will happen within the tank removing 90% of lignin (Brown substance within the wood) In Canada and the US the making of pulp and paper is the third largest industrial that pollutes the air, water and land.


 * Super Glue (By: Debbie Jerome) **

Even though super glue is non-toxic, it can irritate the eyes, nose and throat because of the fumes. Medical researchers have proved that super glue is capable of stopping the bleeding of tissues. Can be used to bond metals and assemble prototype electronics.

** Neutralizing Stomach Acids (By: Kavishka)**

Stomach Acid is the acidic liquid in your stomach used to digest foods. It is also known as Gastric Acid. Stomach acid sometimes also leaks out the stomach through valves, entering the esophagus. To sum it all up stomach acids might seems to be a harmful fluid in our body but in reality it is a high corrosive material that can eat through our tissues.

Fathima Badur Saman. :)