14+Principle+1=+Zainab+Patel

__Green Chemistry In Industry: **Principle 1**__ By: Zainab Patel

Green Chemistry In Industry: Using greener products in businesses are generally more profitable. But it is also good for the environment. Becoming "greener" involves many changes in a manufactuing process so its less harmful to the environment. By changing certain toxic chemicals manufacturers are making more effiecient productions and reducing the impact it has on our environment, making it healthier. In order to make a product greener it must follow the 5 major principles.



Although many products are manufactured using the safest materials it is always best to start with renewable resources as a starting material. The plastic industry must change its main resource in order to save our population and the environment. But alot of long and short term effects must be analyzed before making manufacturing changes.
 * Principle 1: **Use Renewable Resources as starting Materials



Background Information On Plastic
 * The global annual production of plastics is about 100 million tons
 * From the total production of oil, about 8% is consumed for the plastic industry
 * Plastic products take between 20-1000 years to decompose
 * If we continue to use oils the current way, it is predicted that our supply of non-renewable oils will finish within 14 years and our supply of natural gas will finish in 35 years.
 * By making plastics from renewable resources we are saving non renewable resources as well as reducing the amount of time the plastics spend in our landfills. This is because renewable resources break down easier, lessening the decomposing process.

Plastic and its Raw materials Plastic is made from many different materials but some are more deadlier than others. Adipic acid is a key ingredient in producing plastics as well as nylon and polyurethane. Therefore millions of tonnes of adipic acid is produced throughout the world, since the majority of our day to day products involve the use of plastics. The standard process of making this compound starts with an organic compound called benzene, which is no where near "green". Benzene is also a cancer causing agent known as carcinogen. Carcinogen is made from oil which is a non-renewable resource. In conclusion, benzene is an ingredient that shouldn't be used because it not only is harmful to the environment it is also dangerous to humans as it can cause cancer.



<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Solution: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Chemists have solved this problem by deriving another agent that can replace the use of benzene. This substitue is glucose. Another role that glucose plays is: it is our body's main source of energy. Glucose can be made from renewable resources such as starch. Because glucose can't just replace benzene, a catalyst that may be used is a genetically modified version of //E. Coli.// This leaves us with only one more problem; the starch that can produce glucose is a food product, which is produced by food crops. The main concerns are the land that must be used up in order to make the food crop and the certain possibility of rising food costs. Another concern is also the use of genetically modified organisms. But, we can always just use less plastic in order to reduce its impact on our environment.





__<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Conclusion __ <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">In conclusion, our use of plastic goes beyond its limit. But we can help solve that by reducing our use of plastics. For example instead of using plastic grocery bags we can use brown bags our reusable bags. Another way we can lessen the effect plastic has on us and the environment is to use renewable resources such as starches instead of non-renewable resources that contain harmful chemicals.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">media type="youtube" key="OgLJNHCNmDY?version=3" height="354" width="467"

__<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">References __
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 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Textbook: Nelson, Chemistry 11U (pages 222-223)

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">__Reviews:__ <span style="color: #008000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Bioremediation (Pirasha Sritharan)__ <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1.) Bioremediation is a natural bioloical process that can help our environment in becoming a cleaner place. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.) Bioremediation doesn't include only chemicals but also includes specific micro-organisms and plants that can absorb toxic materials from the environment. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">3.) Phytoremediation is the process where plants are used to clean the contaminiants of the water and soil. <span style="color: #008000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Scotchgard (Summaya Patel)__ <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1.) Scotchgard consists of ingredients that belong to the family of flurochemicals. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.) Perfluorooctanyl sulfonate (PFOS), the main ingredient in scotchgard can cause blood contamination and liver damage. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">3.) Scotchgard is now an environmentally product thanks to PFBS (Perfluorbutanesulfonic acid) which is a safer substitue to PFOS. <span style="color: #008000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Neutralizing Stomach Acid (Dhruva Desai)__ <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1.) Stomach acid is a hydrochloric acid that is a digestive fluid in your stomach. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.) Factors such as stress, infections, diet and sleep can all affect the pH level of stomach acid. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">3.) Antacids are taken to help neutralize changes in our stomach acid. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">